巴顿将军

美国人天生好战。

幸好，这样的断言甚至偏见，不是来自于我，也不是来自于任何其他的民族，而是来自于美国人自己。

这些美国人中的一个，就是大名鼎鼎的巴顿将军。

对于我们中国人，巴顿的名字如雷贯耳。他是二战中的功臣，曾在北非击败沙漠之狐德国的隆美尔，曾在欧洲对德战役中势如劈竹，却不幸以车祸终结传奇的一生。

巴顿一生之中给世人留下了众多名言。其中最为知名的，莫过于他对第三军的演讲（Patton's Speech to the Third Army）。这篇演讲的大部分被写入了1970年的电影《巴顿》之中，而借着这部电影，巴顿也成了一位家喻户晓的美国英雄，一个流行文化的爱豆。

在这篇演讲的开篇，巴顿就毫无顾忌的说出如下的言语：

兄弟们，你们听到的美国人不想打仗，不想趟这场战争浑水的种种说辞，都是一派胡言。美国人热爱打仗。所有真正的美国人都钟爱战斗的腥风血雨。……美国人热爱胜利者，对失败则绝不容忍。美国人时时刻刻都要赢。……

这就是巴顿的原话。这些话基本被原封不动的放到了电影中。在当初看电影时，我曾经以为这只是一种艺术的渲染，但直到后来我才直到这并非无中生有。

尽管很多人批评巴顿的这种演讲脏话连篇，不够职业，但我们知道，这样的语言才是真实的写照：在很多时候，美国人，或者我们说，美国的大部分人，的确有这么一股劲儿。如果说美国人也有所谓的集体精神，那么战而胜之，这就是美国人的精神。

几十年之后，我们看到了特朗普。尽管与巴顿相比，特朗普的粗野还略逊几分，但从精神上看来，从巴顿到特朗普，这一派可谓一脉相承。

巴顿的精神可嘉。但他的话也未必全然就是真理——比如他说，美国人从来没有输过，也永远不会输。因为我们知道，在他死后的几场战争中，美国人确实有几场战争都没怎么赢。

但无论如何，从巴顿到川普，我们需要知道的是，美国人精神之中，不乏不达目的不罢休的坚韧，而这也意味着，任何和美国人的battle，无聊胜负，都不会是一件容易的事情。

附巴顿演讲原文

Patton's Speech to the Third Army

Be seated.

Men, all this stuff you hear about America not wanting to fight, wanting to stay out of the war, is a lot of bullshit. Americans love to fight. All real Americans love the sting and clash of battle. When you were kids, you all admired the champion marble shooter, the fastest runner, the big-league ball players and the toughest boxers. Americans love a winner and will not tolerate a loser. Americans play to win all the time. That's why Americans have never lost and will never lose a war. The very thought of losing is hateful to Americans.Battle is the most significant competition in which a man can indulge. It brings out all that is best and it removes all that is base.

You are not all going to die. Only two percent of you right here today would be killed in a major battle. Every man is scared in his first action. If he says he's not, he's a goddamn liar. But the real hero is the man who fights even though he's scared. Some men will get over their fright in a minute under fire, some take an hour, and for some it takes days. But the real man never lets his fear of death overpower his honor, his sense of duty to his country, and his innate manhood.

All through your army career you men have bitched about what you call 'this chicken-shit drilling.' That is all for a purpose—to ensure instant obedience to orders and to create constant alertness. This must be bred into every soldier. I don't give a fuck for a man who is not always on his toes. But the drilling has made veterans of all you men. You are ready! A man has to be alert all the time if he expects to keep on breathing. If not, some German son-of-a-bitch will sneak up behind him and beat him to death with a sock full of shit. There are four hundred neatly marked graves in Sicily, all because one man went to sleep on the job—but they are German graves, because we caught the bastard asleep before his officer did.

An army is a team. It lives, eats, sleeps, and fights as a team. This individual hero stuff is bullshit. The bilious bastards who write that stuff for theSaturday Evening Postdon't know any more about real battle than they do about fucking. And we have the best team—we have the finest food and equipment, the best spirit and the best men in the world. Why, by God, I actually pity these poor bastards we're going up against.

All the real heroes are not storybook combat fighters. Every single man in the army plays a vital role. So don't ever let up. Don't ever think that your job is unimportant. What if every truck driver decided that he didn't like the whine of the shells and turned yellow and jumped headlong into a ditch? That cowardly bastard could say to himself, 'Hell, they won't miss me, just one man in thousands.' What if every man said that? Where in the hell would we be then? No, thank God, Americans don't say that. Every man does his job. Every man is important. The ordinance men are needed to supply the guns, the quartermaster is needed to bring up the food and clothes for us because where we are going there isn't a hell of a lot to steal. Every last damn man in the mess hall, even the one who boils the water to keep us from getting the GI shits, has a job to do.

Each man must think not only of himself, but think of his buddy fighting alongside him. We don't want yellow cowards in the army. They should be killed off like flies. If not, they will go back home after the war, goddamn cowards, and breed more cowards. The brave men will breed more brave men. Kill off the goddamn cowards and we'll have a nation of brave men.

One of the bravest men I saw in the African campaign was on a telegraph pole in the midst of furious fire while we were moving toward Tunis. I stopped and asked him what the hell he was doing up there. He answered, 'Fixing the wire, sir.' 'Isn't it a little unhealthy up there right now?' I asked. 'Yes sir, but this goddamn wire has got to be fixed.' I asked, 'Don't those planes strafing the road bother you?' And he answered, 'No sir, but you sure as hell do.' Now, there was a real soldier. A real man. A man who devoted all he had to his duty, no matter how great the odds, no matter how seemingly insignificant his duty appeared at the time.

And you should have seen the trucks on the road to Gabès. Those drivers were magnificent. All day and all night they crawled along those son-of-a-bitch roads, never stopping, never deviating from their course with shells bursting all around them. Many of the men drove over 40 consecutive hours. We got through on good old American guts. These were not combat men. But they were soldiers with a job to do. They were part of a team. Without them the fight would have been lost.

Sure, we all want to go home. We want to get this war over with. But you can't win a war lying down. The quickest way to get it over with is to get the bastards who started it. We want to get the hell over there and clean the goddamn thing up, and then get at those purple-pissing Japs. The quicker they are whipped, the quicker we go home. The shortest way home is through Berlin and Tokyo. So keep moving. And when we get to Berlin, I am personally going to shoot that paper-hanging son-of-a-bitch Hitler.

When a man is lying in a shell hole, if he just stays there all day, a Boche will get him eventually. The hell with that. My men don't dig foxholes. Foxholes only slow up an offensive. Keep moving. We'll win this war, but we'll win it only by fighting and showing the Germans that we've got more guts than they have or ever will have. We're not just going to shoot the bastards, we're going to rip out their living goddamned guts and use them to grease the treads of our tanks. We're going to murder those lousy Hun cocksuckers by the bushel-fucking-basket.

Some of you men are wondering whether or not you'll chicken out under fire. Don't worry about it. I can assure you that you'll all do your duty. War is a bloody business, a killing business. The Nazis are the enemy. Wade into them, spill their blood or they will spill yours. Shoot them in the guts. Rip open their belly. When shells are hitting all around you and you wipe the dirt from your face and you realize that it's not dirt, it's the blood and gut of what was once your best friend, you'll know what to do.

I don't want any messages saying 'I'm holding my position.' We're not holding a goddamned thing. We're advancing constantly and we're not interested in holding anything except the enemy's balls. We're going to hold him by his balls and we're going to kick him in the ass; twist his balls and kick the living shit out of him all the time. Our plan of operation is to advance and keep on advancing. We're going to go through the enemy like shit through a tinhorn.

There will be some complaints that we're pushing our people too hard. I don't give a damn about such complaints. I believe that an ounce of sweat will save a gallon of blood. The harder we push, the more Germans we kill. The more Germans we kill, the fewer of our men will be killed. Pushing harder means fewer casualties. I want you all to remember that. My men don't surrender. I don't want to hear of any soldier under my command being captured unless he is hit. Even if you are hit, you can still fight. That's not just bullshit either. I want men like the lieutenant in Libya who, with a Luger against his chest, swept aside the gun with his hand, jerked his helmet off with the other and busted the hell out of the Boche with the helmet. Then he picked up the gun and he killed another German. All this time the man had a bullet through his lung. That's a man for you!

Don't forget, you don't know I'm here at all. No word of that fact is to be mentioned in any letters. The world is not supposed to know what the hell they did with me. I'm not supposed to be commanding this army. I'm not even supposed to be in England. Let the first bastards to find out be the goddamned Germans. Some day, I want them to rise up on their piss-soaked hind legs and howl 'Ach! It's the goddamned Third Army and that son-of-a-bitch Patton again!'

Then there's one thing you men will be able to say when this war is over and you get back home. Thirty years from now when you're sitting by your fireside with your grandson on your knee and he asks, 'What did you do in the great World War Two?' You won't have to cough and say, 'Well, your granddaddy shoveled shit in Louisiana.' No sir, you can look him straight in the eye and say 'Son, your granddaddy rode with the great Third Army and a son-of-a-goddamned-bitch named George Patton!'

All right, you sons of bitches. You know how I feel. I'll be proud to lead you wonderful guys in battle anytime, anywhere. That's all.

越南战争。

《政治形态文艺学》革命宣传使用的是公共话语，无论是口头还是书面形式，它都追求震撼与冲击效果。简短的形式（标语、口号）与强烈的情感诉求（号召、命令与允诺等）对受众心理产生一种“子弹效应”或皮下注射效应，直接影响他们的政治态度、信仰和感情，形成所谓的政治文化。

主流传记片中政治领袖在群众面前的动员、宣讲和演说是意识形态最直接的表述。开场六分半的演讲，违背了好莱坞的基本叙事原则，让巴顿看向镜头，迫使观众与影片中的听众认同，即观众是和士兵们一起在听巴顿的演说，这就完全揭示了创作者的意图：唤起美国青年的战争冒险精神和爱国精神。

《中国传记电影的传主身份建构研究》。西方传记电影的复杂性，不回避性格缺陷人性弱点，争议，不惮于揭示非主流的价值观和个人化的意识形态，拒绝对人物做简化的单向度的描写评价。目中无人狂妄自大行为鲁莽口无遮拦，“一个与时代格格不入悲剧式的英雄，一个堂吉诃德式的人物”

塑造的性格太鲜明了。管不住嘴总惹事的直肠子，因长了个破嘴而屡次受挫；对待士兵过分严苛而被外界质疑；军事疯子，不让他指挥就是在惩罚他；一个虔诚的基督徒，自认为是上帝的宠儿；十六世纪的浪漫主义者，相信自己的伟大，等待上帝给他荣耀的那一刻。

镜头的运用堪称完美，熟练却不套路，70年代的东西放在今天依然令我惊艳。

这电影体现了，美国人根本不吃奴性教育，如果扇耳光事件发生在二战的中国军营内，就不是个什么大事，甚至会比作“严父般的教育”。

最后的镜头看着甚是落寞，一个失业的将军带领他的牛头梗离开战场。已经没有战场，也就没有士兵了，他变成了个普通人。